MEDIEVAL INDIAN HISTORY
MUGHALS (BABUR TO AURANGZEB)
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Category: MUGHALS ( 1556- 1857AD )
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✔️ The Treaty of Allahabad (1765) was signed between Shah Alam II and the British (Robert Clive) after the Battle of Buxar (1764).✔️ The Mughal emperor granted Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the British East India Company.
❌ B) Muhammad Shah – Died in 1748, much before the treaty.❌ C) Bahadur Shah I – Ruled earlier, not involved in British negotiations.❌ D) Alamgir II – Killed before this treaty was signed.
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2)
✔️ The Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Akbar’s army (led by Raja Man Singh I) and Maharana Pratap of Mewar.✔️ Though Maharana Pratap lost the battle, he continued his guerrilla warfare against the Mughals.
❌ A) Rana Udai Singh – Pratap’s father, but he did not fight this battle.❌ C) Rana Amar Singh – Fought Mughals later but not at Haldighati.❌ D) Man Singh I – Led Akbar’s army but was not against the Mughals.
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3)
✔️ Jahangir installed the "Chain of Justice" outside his palace to allow common people to seek justice directly from the emperor.✔️ It symbolized fair governance and justice during his reign.
❌ B) Akbar – Known for his administration but never introduced a justice chain.❌ C) Aurangzeb – Focused on military expansion, not symbolic justice measures.❌ D) Babur – A conqueror, not known for such judicial reforms.
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4)
✔️ Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar (1717) issued a Farman (royal decree) granting the British duty-free trade in Bengal.✔️ This helped the British gain commercial dominance, leading to their later expansion in India.
❌ B) Aurangzeb – He was hostile to the British and did not grant such privileges.❌ C) Bahadur Shah I – Focused on internal Mughal affairs, not British trade.❌ D) Shah Jahan – Allowed trade but never gave duty-free rights.
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5)
✔️ Abul Fazl, one of Akbar’s Navratnas, translated the Mahabharata into Persian as "Razmnamah".✔️ This was part of Akbar’s efforts to promote cultural integration.
❌ A) Akbar – He patronized the translation but did not translate it himself.❌ C) Badauni – A scholar, but he translated Hindu texts with reluctance.❌ D) Dara Shikoh – Translated the Upanishads, not the Mahabharata.
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6)
✔️ Aurangzeb was called "Zinda Pir" due to his strict Islamic lifestyle and religious orthodoxy.✔️ He followed a simple life, slept on the floor, and avoided luxury despite being a powerful emperor.
❌ A) Babur – A warrior and conqueror, not known for religious asceticism.❌ B) Akbar – Known for religious tolerance, not strict Islamic rule.❌ D) Jahangir – Famous for indulgence in wine and luxury, unlike Aurangzeb.
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7)
✔️ The First Battle of Panipat (1526) was fought between Babur & Ibrahim Lodi.✔️ It marked the beginning of Mughal rule in India.
❌ A) Babur & Akbar – Never fought each other (Akbar was Babur’s grandson).❌ B) Babur & Rana Sanga – Fought later in the Battle of Khanwa (1527).❌ D) Humayun & Sher Shah Suri – Fought in 1540, not at Panipat.
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8)
✔️ The decline of the Mughal Empire was due to multiple reasons:
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9)
✔️ Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in 1632–1653 as a tomb for his wife Mumtaz Mahal.✔️ It is considered a symbol of love and Mughal architecture.
❌ A) Akbar & B) Jahangir – Never built the Taj Mahal.❌ D) Aurangzeb – Completed it but did not build it.
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10)
✔️ Jahangir granted permission to the British to establish a trading factory in Surat in 1613.✔️ Captain William Hawkins & Sir Thomas Roe played a key role in securing these rights.
❌ A) Akbar – No British presence during his reign.❌ C) Shah Jahan – British trade expanded but was already permitted.❌ D) Aurangzeb – Fought against British expansion later.
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11)
✔️ Shah Jahan built the Jama Masjid in Delhi (1656), one of the largest mosques in India.✔️ It was part of Shah Jahan’s architectural projects, including the Taj Mahal and Red Fort.
❌ A) Akbar – Built Fatehpur Sikri, not Jama Masjid.❌ B) Aurangzeb – Built Bibi ka Maqbara, not Jama Masjid.❌ D) Jahangir – Focused on art, not mosque construction.
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12)
✔️ Nadir Shah invaded Delhi in 1739 during the rule of Muhammad Shah (Rangeela).✔️ He plundered Delhi and took away the Peacock Throne and Kohinoor Diamond.
❌ B) Aurangzeb – Died in 1707, decades before the invasion.❌ C) Bahadur Shah I – Died in 1712, not during the invasion.❌ D) Farrukhsiyar – Was overthrown before 1739.
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13)
✔️ Din-i-Ilahi (Divine Faith) was introduced by Akbar in 1582 as a syncretic religion combining elements of Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, and Christianity.✔️ It was an attempt to unify his empire under religious harmony.
❌ B) Jahangir & C) Aurangzeb – Did not promote religious fusion.❌ D) Babur – A devout Sunni, never introduced any new religion.
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14)
✔️ The Treaty of Purandar (1665) was signed between Shivaji and Mirza Raja Jai Singh I, a general under Aurangzeb.✔️ Shivaji had to surrender 23 forts and accept Mughal suzerainty.
❌ A) Babur & B) Akbar – Lived long before Shivaji’s time.❌ D) Jahangir – Never fought Shivaji as he ruled before his time.
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15)
✔️ Akbar abolished the Jizya tax in 1564, a religious tax imposed on non-Muslims.✔️ This was part of his policy of religious tolerance and Sulh-i-Kul (universal peace).
❌ A) Babur – Never imposed or abolished Jizya.❌ C) Aurangzeb – Re-imposed Jizya in 1679 due to his strict Islamic policies.❌ D) Jahangir – Continued Akbar’s policies but did not abolish anything new.
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16)
✔️ In 1765, the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II granted the Diwani rights to the British East India Company after their victory in the Battle of Buxar (1764).✔️ This allowed the British to collect revenue in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
❌ A) Shah Alam I – Ruled much earlier (1707–1712), not during British expansion.❌ C) Bahadur Shah I – Was not involved in British affairs.❌ D) Akbar II – A later ruler, not associated with the Diwani grant.
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17)
✔️ Aurangzeb spent 26 years in the Deccan, trying to conquer it.✔️ His prolonged campaigns weakened the Mughal Empire.
❌ A) Jahangir – Focused on the North, not the Deccan.❌ C) Babur – Established Mughal rule, did not focus on the Deccan.❌ D) Akbar – Conquered some parts of the Deccan, but it was not his main focus.
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18)
✔️ Shah Jahan built the Peacock Throne, decorated with gold, diamonds, and precious stones.✔️ It was later taken to Persia by Nadir Shah in 1739.
❌ A) Babur – Established the empire but did not construct it.❌ C) Akbar – Built Fatehpur Sikri, not the Peacock Throne.❌ D) Jahangir – Interested in art, but did not build the throne.
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19)
✔️ The Battle of Plassey (1757) marked the beginning of British control in India.✔️ The British, led by Robert Clive, defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal.
❌ A) Battle of Panipat – Fought in 1526, led to Mughal rule, not British.❌ C) Battle of Buxar – Fought in 1764, confirmed British control but wasn’t the start.❌ D) Battle of Ghagra – Fought in 1529 by Babur, unrelated to British rule.
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20)
✔️ Akbar discouraged and partially banned Sati, allowing widows to remarry.✔️ His policies promoted women’s rights and social reforms.
❌ B) Jahangir – Followed Akbar’s policies but did not introduce new reforms.❌ C) Shah Jahan – Focused more on architecture than social reforms.❌ D) Aurangzeb – Imposed strict Islamic laws, not known for banning Sati.
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21)
✔️ Bahadur Shah II was captured by the British after the Revolt of 1857.✔️ He was sent to exile in Rangoon (Burma), where he died in 1862.
❌ A) Bahadur Shah I – Ruled under Mughal power, not captured.❌ C) Shah Jahan – Imprisoned by his own son Aurangzeb, not the British.❌ D) Aurangzeb – Died as an emperor, never imprisoned.
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22)
✔️ Akbar introduced the Dahsala system under the guidance of Raja Todar Mal.✔️ It was a land revenue system where tax was calculated based on average production of land over 10 years.
❌ A) Babur – Focused on military, not revenue administration.❌ C) Jahangir – Continued Akbar’s system, but did not introduce it.❌ D) Aurangzeb – Modified taxation but did not introduce the Dahsala system.
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23)
✔️ Shah Jahan built the Red Fort in Delhi in 1648 as part of his new capital, Shahjahanabad.✔️ It served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors for nearly 200 years.
❌ A) Humayun – Built Dinpanah, not Red Fort.❌ C) Aurangzeb – Constructed Bibi ka Maqbara, but not the Red Fort.❌ D) Akbar – Built Agra Fort, but not Red Fort.
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24)
✔️ Jahangir wrote “Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri”, an autobiographical account of his reign.✔️ It provides insights into court life, politics, and foreign relations during his rule.
❌ A) Babur – Wrote Baburnama, not Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri.❌ B) Akbar – His life was recorded in Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl.❌ D) Aurangzeb – No personal autobiography, but his letters were collected as Ruqaat-e-Alamgiri.
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25)
✔️ Bahadur Shah II (Bahadur Shah Zafar) was the last Mughal ruler and the symbolic leader of the Revolt of 1857.✔️ He was captured by the British and exiled to Rangoon (Burma).
❌ A) Bahadur Shah I – Ruled much earlier (1707–1712).❌ C) Shah Alam II – Ruled in the late 18th century, not during 1857.❌ D) Akbar II – Preceded Bahadur Shah II but was not part of the revolt.
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26)
✔️ Farrukhsiyar issued the 1717 Farman, granting the British duty-free trade in Bengal.✔️ This strengthened British economic control over India.✔️ Later, Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-Daulah opposed it, leading to the Battle of Plassey (1757).
❌ A) Aurangzeb – Opposed British traders, never issued such a Farman.❌ C) Bahadur Shah I – Focused on internal stability, not British trade.❌ D) Shah Alam II – Issued a Farman in 1765 but after British victory.
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27)
✔️ Bahadur Shah II (Bahadur Shah Zafar) was the last Mughal ruler (1837–1857).✔️ He was deposed by the British after the Revolt of 1857.✔️ He was exiled to Rangoon, Burma.
❌ A) Aurangzeb – Last powerful Mughal, but died in 1707.❌ C) Shah Jahan – Built Taj Mahal, ruled earlier (1628–1658).❌ D) Jahandar Shah – A weak ruler, not the last one.
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28)
✔️ Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system to classify military and civil officers based on ranks.✔️ Mansabdars were given Jagirs (land grants) instead of fixed salaries.✔️ This system ensured loyalty and efficiency in administration.
❌ B) Babur – Founded the Mughal Empire but did not introduce this system.❌ C) Aurangzeb – Used Mansabdari but did not introduce it.❌ D) Jahangir – Continued the system but did not start it.
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✔️ Akbar built Buland Darwaza in 1575 to commemorate his victory over Gujarat.✔️ It is the highest gateway in the world (54 meters).✔️ Located at Fatehpur Sikri, Akbar’s capital for some time.
❌ B) Humayun – Died in 1556, before it was built.❌ C) Shah Jahan – Known for Taj Mahal, not Buland Darwaza.❌ D) Jahangir – Built gardens and tombs, not this structure.
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30)
✔️ Aurangzeb was called ‘Zinda Pir’ due to his austere lifestyle and strict Islamic policies.✔️ He lived a simple life, earned money by copying the Quran, and avoided luxury.
❌ B) Akbar – Known for religious tolerance, not asceticism.❌ C) Jahangir – Loved art, wine, and luxury.❌ D) Babur – A warrior and poet, but not known for religious asceticism.
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