ADVENT OF EUROPEANS IN INDIA
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Category: Advent of Europeans in India
1)
✅ French East India Company established Pondicherry as their capital in India in 1674.
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2)
✅ Farrukhsiyar issued the 1717 Farman, allowing the British to trade duty-free in Bengal, Gujarat, and Hyderabad.❌ Other rulers were either before or after this period.
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3)
✅ Warren Hastings was appointed as the first Governor-General in 1773.❌ Robert Clive → Led the British in Plassey (1757) but was not a Governor-General.❌ Cornwallis & Bentinck → Came later.
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4)
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10)
✔️ Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between British forces (Robert Clive) and Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah.
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11)
✔️ Shah Alam II granted the British Diwani Rights over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa in 1765.
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12)
✔️ The Subsidiary Alliance (1798) forced Indian states to keep British troops at their expense.
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13)
✔️ After winning the Battle of Buxar, the British secured the Diwani Rights (revenue collection) over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
❌ A) Battle of Plassey (1757) – British won but did not gain revenue rights yet.❌ C) Battle of Wandiwash (1760) – Fought between the British and the French.❌ D) Battle of Seringapatam (1799) – Defeat of Tipu Sultan by the British.
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14)
✔️ Warren Hastings became the first Governor-General in 1773, following the Regulating Act of 1773.
❌ A) Robert Clive – Established British dominance but was NOT Governor-General.❌ C) Lord Cornwallis – Introduced Permanent Settlement in Bengal.❌ D) Lord Wellesley – Implemented the Subsidiary Alliance system.
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15)
✔️ Sarnath is a Buddhist pilgrimage site, NOT a trading center for Europeans.
❌ A) Chandernagore – A French settlement in Bengal.❌ B) Surat – First British factory (1613) was set up here.❌ C) Masulipatnam – First Dutch factory (1605) was established here.
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16)
✔️ The French left India in 1954 after transferring Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahe, and Yanam to the Indian government.
❌ A) Portuguese – Left in 1961, forcibly annexed by India (Operation Vijay).❌ B) Dutch – Left in 1825 after ceding their territories to the British.❌ C) British – Left in 1947, after India's independence.
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17)
✔️ The Treaty of Hague (1661) led to the cession of Bombay from Portugal to England as part of a royal marriage agreement.✔️ This reduced Portuguese power, and later, the British developed Bombay into a major trading hub.
❌ A) Treaty of Paris (1763) – Ended the Seven Years' War, weakened French power in India.❌ B) Treaty of Bassein (1802) – Signed between the British and Baji Rao II, leading to British control over Marathas.❌ C) Treaty of Alinagar (1757) – Signed between Siraj-ud-Daulah and British before the Battle of Plassey.
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18)
✔️ The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish trade settlements in India.✔️ Francisco de Almeida (First Governor of Portuguese India) implemented the Blue Water Policy to dominate the seas.✔️ Goa (1510) was captured by Alfonso de Albuquerque, making it the Portuguese capital in India.
❌ A) Dutch – Arrived in 1605, established first factory in Masulipatnam.❌ C) French – Arrived in 1664, settled in Pondicherry.❌ D) British – Arrived in 1600, set up their first factory in Surat in 1613.
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19)
✔️ Vasco da Gama arrived in Calicut in 1498 during the reign of Zamorin (Hindu ruler of Calicut).✔️ He was sent by King Manuel I of Portugal.✔️ This marked the beginning of European maritime trade with India.
❌ A) Bartholomew Diaz – Discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 but never reached India.❌ C) Christopher Columbus – Reached America (1492), not India.❌ D) Ferdinand Magellan – First to circumnavigate the Earth, but never came to India.
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20)
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21)
✔️ Francisco de Almeida (1505–1509) was the first Portuguese governor of India.✔️ He introduced the “Blue Water Policy”, focusing on naval supremacy.
❌ A) Vasco da Gama – He was an explorer, not a governor.❌ C) Alfonso de Albuquerque – He became governor after Almeida.❌ D) Duarte Barbosa – He was a Portuguese writer and explorer, not a governor.
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22)
✔️ Vasco da Gama arrived at Calicut (Kerala) in 1498, welcomed by Zamorin, the local ruler.
❌ A) 1453 – Fall of Constantinople, not related to Vasco da Gama.❌ B) 1492 – Columbus discovered America, unrelated to India.❌ D) 1505 – Francisco de Almeida became Portuguese governor.
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