MEDIEVAL INDIAN HISTORY
LATER MUGHALS
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Category: LATER MUGHALS ( 1707- 1857 )
✔️ The Portuguese, led by Vasco da Gama, arrived in 1498 at Calicut on the Malabar Coast.✔️ They were the first Europeans to establish trade in India.
❌ A) Dutch – Arrived later in 1602.❌ C) British – Arrived in 1608 at Surat.❌ D) French – Came in 1664, much later
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✔️ The British exiled Bahadur Shah II to Rangoon (Burma) in 1858, where he died in 1862.
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✔️ In 1858, the British officially ended the Mughal Empire and exiled Bahadur Shah II.
❌ B) 1764 – Battle of Buxar, but the Mughals continued.❌ C) 1757 – Battle of Plassey, but Mughal rule continued.❌ D) 1837 – Beginning of Bahadur Shah II’s reign, not the end.
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✔️ Bahadur Shah II was also known as Bahadur Shah Zafar.✔️ He was a poet and the last ruler of the Mughal dynasty.
❌ A) Muhammad Shah – Ruled earlier (1719–1748).❌ C) Jahandar Shah – Ruled for a short period (1712–1713).❌ D) Alamgir II – Ruled from 1754–1759.
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✔️ Bahadur Shah II was declared the leader of the 1857 Revolt, though he had no real power.
❌ A) Alamgir II – Assassinated in 1759.❌ B) Akbar II – Died in 1837, before the revolt.❌ D) Shah Alam II – Died in 1806, much before 1857.
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✔️ Bahadur Shah II (1837–1857) was the last Mughal ruler.✔️ He was deposed by the British after the 1857 Revolt and exiled to Rangoon.
❌ A) Akbar II – Ruled before Bahadur Shah II.❌ C) Jahandar Shah – Ruled for only one year (1712–1713).❌ D) Shah Alam II – Ruled earlier (1759–1806).
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✔️ Shah Alam II (1759–1806) was the Mughal emperor during the Battle of Buxar (1764).✔️ The British defeated the combined forces of Shah Alam II, Shuja-ud-Daula, and Mir Qasim.
❌ A) Ahmad Shah – Dethroned in 1754.❌ B) Alamgir II – Assassinated in 1759.❌ C) Bahadur Shah II – The last Mughal ruler, ruled during 1857 Revolt.
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✔️ The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) was fought between the Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali.✔️ The Marathas were defeated, marking a turning point in Indian history.
❌ A) Mughals and British – Not involved in this battle.❌ C) Mughals and Rajputs – No major war during this period.❌ D) Marathas and Nizam – They fought later battles, but not at Panipat.
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✔️ Muhammad Shah (1719–1748) faced Nadir Shah’s invasion in 1739.✔️ The Peacock Throne & Kohinoor Diamond were taken to Persia.
❌ A) Ahmad Shah – Ruled after this invasion (1748–1754).❌ C) Alamgir II – Became emperor later (1754–1759).❌ D) Jahandar Shah – Only ruled for one year (1712–1713).
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✔️ Farrukhsiyar issued the 1717 Farman, granting the British duty-free trade in Bengal, Gujarat, and Deccan.✔️ This led to the economic dominance of the British in India.
❌ A) Bahadur Shah I – Died in 1712, before this event.❌ C) Alamgir II – Ruled much later (1754–1759).❌ D) Ahmad Shah – Became emperor in 1748, after this Farman was issued.
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✔️ Bahadur Shah I (1707–1712) was the first ruler after Aurangzeb's death.✔️ He tried to maintain a balance between the Rajputs, Marathas, and Sikhs.
❌ A) Farrukhsiyar – Became emperor in 1713 with the help of the Sayyid Brothers.❌ C) Shah Alam II – Ruled during the late 18th century (1759–1806).❌ D) Muhammad Shah – Became emperor in 1719, known for his weak rule
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✔️ Shah Alam II took refuge under Shuja-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Awadh, after the Battle of Buxar (1764).
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✔️ Muhammad Shah (1719–1748) issued the Sikka Mubarak coin, which became a standard Mughal currency.
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✔️ The Sayyid Brothers (Abdullah & Hussain Ali), also known as the "Kingmakers," deposed and later killed Emperor Farrukhsiyar in 1719.
❌ A) Nizam-ul-Mulk – Founder of the Hyderabad state but not involved in Farrukhsiyar’s assassination.❌ C) Raja Jai Singh – A Rajput ruler, not related to the Sayyid Brothers’ politics.❌ D) Murshid Quli Khan – First Nawab of Bengal, unrelated to Mughal court intrigues.
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✔️ Bahadur Shah Zafar was the emperor during the Revolt of 1857.✔️ He was later arrested and exiled to Burma by the British.
❌ A) Shah Alam II & B) Akbar II – Ruled earlier.❌ D) Jahandar Shah – Ruled in the early 1700s, unrelated to 1857.
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✔️ Lord Canning abolished the Mughal title in 1858 after the Revolt of 1857.✔️ The Mughal Empire officially ended, and India came under direct British rule.
❌ A) Warren Hastings – First Governor-General but ruled before 1857.❌ C) Lord Dalhousie – Introduced the Doctrine of Lapse, not Mughal abolition.❌ D) Lord Wellesley – Expanded British rule but before 1857.
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✔️ Bahadur Shah II (1837–1857), also known as Bahadur Shah Zafar, was the last Mughal emperor.✔️ He was deposed by the British after the Revolt of 1857, and the Mughal Empire officially ended.
❌ A) Akbar II – Second-last emperor, but not the last.❌ C) Shah Alam II – Ruled earlier, in the 18th century.❌ D) Aurangzeb – The last powerful Mughal ruler but not the final one.
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✔️ Shah Alam II (1760–1806) was the Mughal emperor when the British defeated the Mughal forces in the Battle of Buxar (1764).✔️ He later signed the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), granting the British Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
❌ A) Alamgir II – Died before the battle.❌ C) Muhammad Shah – Had already died in 1748.❌ D) Akbar Shah II – Came to power much later, in 1806.
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✔️ After Aurangzeb’s death in 1707, his son Bahadur Shah I (also called Shah Alam I) became the Mughal emperor.✔️ His reign (1707–1712) saw the beginning of Mughal decline as he failed to control the empire effectively.
❌ B) Jahandar Shah – Came to power later in 1712 after Bahadur Shah I’s death.❌ C) Farrukhsiyar – Ruled from 1713 to 1719, much later.❌ D) Muhammad Shah – Ruled from 1719 to 1748, during Nadir Shah’s invasion.
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✔️ Muhammad Shah (1719–1748) was defeated by Nadir Shah of Persia in the Battle of Karnal (1739).✔️ Delhi was sacked, and the Peacock Throne and Kohinoor Diamond were taken away by Nadir Shah.
❌ A) Farrukhsiyar & B) Jahandar Shah – Had already died before 1739.❌ D) Alamgir II – Ruled later (1754–1759), had no connection with Nadir Shah.
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✔️ Alamgir II (1754–1759) was the Mughal emperor when the British defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah in the Battle of Plassey (1757).✔️ This battle marked the beginning of British dominance in India.
❌ A) Muhammad Shah – Had already died in 1748.❌ C) Shah Alam II – Became emperor later in 1760.❌ D) Bahadur Shah I – Died much earlier, in 1712.
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