MEDIEVAL INDIAN HISTORY
VIJAYANAGAR + BHAMINI EMPIRE
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Category: SOUTH INDIAN KINGDOMS( VIJAYANAGRA +BHAMINI EMPIRE )
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✔️ The Tungabhadra doab (land between two rivers) was crucial for trade, agriculture, and military reasons.✔️ Vijayanagara and Bahmani Sultanate fought several wars over this fertile region.✔️ The control over this land meant economic prosperity and dominance in South India.
❌ A) Religious war – While there were Hindu and Muslim rulers, the conflict was mainly strategic.❌ C) Mughals were involved – The Mughals had no influence in the Deccan region during these wars.❌ D) Minor skirmish – It was a long-term and significant conflict between two powerful empires.
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2)
✔️ The Battle of Talikota (1565) was fought between Vijayanagara and the united forces of the Deccan Sultanates (Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmadnagar, Bidar).✔️ Rama Raya, the Vijayanagara ruler, was killed, leading to the empire’s decline.✔️ Hampi was looted and destroyed, marking the end of Vijayanagara’s dominance.
❌ A) Battle of Raichur – Only fought between Bijapur and Vijayanagara.❌ C) Battle of Plassey – British vs. Bengal Nawab (1757), not related.❌ D) Battle of Panipat – Fought in North India, unrelated to Vijayanagara.
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3)
✔️ The Battle of Raichur (1520) was fought between Krishna Deva Raya of Vijayanagara and Ismail Adil Shah of Bijapur.✔️ Krishna Deva Raya emerged victorious and annexed Raichur.✔️ The battle was significant as it involved firearms and artillery, making it one of the earliest modern battles in India.
❌ A) Bahmani Sultanate & Vijayanagara – Bahmani had already broken into smaller Deccan Sultanates by 1520.❌ C) Golconda & Vijayanagara – Golconda was involved in later conflicts, not this battle.❌ D) Marathas & Mughals – Maratha-Mughal conflicts happened much later (17th century).
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4)
✔️ Yusuf Adil Shah was the founder of the Bijapur Sultanate after the Bahmani Sultanate broke up.✔️ He introduced Persian culture and Shia influence in Deccan politics.✔️ He constructed the forts of Bijapur and laid the foundation for later rulers.
❌ B) Ibrahim Adil Shah II – A later ruler, known for music and cultural advancements.❌ C) Quli Qutb Shah – Founder of the Golconda Sultanate, not Bijapur.❌ D) Malik Ambar – Prime minister of Ahmadnagar Sultanate, famous for guerrilla warfare.
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5)
✔️ Vittala Temple, located in Hampi, is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and is famous for:
❌ A) Virupaksha Temple – Dedicated to Lord Shiva, not Vishnu.❌ C) Meenakshi Temple – Located in Madurai, not Hampi.❌ D) Brihadeshwara Temple – Built by the Cholas in Tamil Nadu, not Vijayanagara.
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6)
✔️ Domingo Paes, a Portuguese traveler, visited Vijayanagara during Krishna Deva Raya’s reign.✔️ His writings describe Hampi’s wealth, trade, military, and architecture.
❌ A) Ibn Battuta – Visited India but during the Delhi Sultanate period, not Vijayanagara.❌ C) Marco Polo – Visited South India during the Chola period, not Vijayanagara.❌ D) Al-Biruni – Came during Mahmud of Ghazni’s time, long before Vijayanagara.
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7)
✔️ Persian culture influenced:
❌ B) No influence – Bahmani rulers were deeply influenced by Persian culture.❌ C) Only in military – Persian influence was not limited to the military.❌ D) Only in literature – Persian had a broader impact beyond literature.
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8)
✔️ Mahmud Gawan was the Prime Minister of the Bahmani Sultanate, known for:
❌ B) Ibrahim Adil Shah II – A later ruler of Bijapur, known for music and religious tolerance.❌ C) Yusuf Adil Shah – Founder of the Bijapur Sultanate, but not a Bahmani administrator.❌ D) Ahmad Nizam Shah – Founder of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, not a key Bahmani leader.
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9)
✔️ The Battle of Talikota (1565) was fought between Vijayanagara and the combined forces of the Deccan Sultanates.✔️ Vijayanagara suffered a crushing defeat, and Hampi was plundered and destroyed.
❌ A) Weak administration – The administration was strong until the Talikota defeat.❌ C) Internal conflicts – Though there were conflicts, the main reason was the external attack.❌ D) Economic crisis – The economy was strong due to trade and agriculture before the war.
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10)
✔️ Ahmad Shah I Wali (1422–1436) shifted the Bahmani capital from Gulbarga to Bidar.✔️ He promoted Persian culture and built many madrasas and mosques.
❌ A) Alauddin Bahman Shah – Founder of Bahmani but ruled from Gulbarga.❌ C) Muhammad Shah III – Later ruler, but not responsible for shifting the capital.❌ D) Firoz Shah Bahmani – Known for administrative reforms, but did not move the capital.
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11)
✔️ Vijayanagara architecture was mainly Dravidian, but it also had Indo-Islamic elements due to Persian influences.✔️ Iconic structures include the Vittala Temple, Virupaksha Temple, and Hampi ruins.✔️ Gopurams (towered gateways) and mandapas (pillared halls) were common features.
❌ A) Indo-Islamic – Bahmani architecture followed Indo-Islamic style, but Vijayanagara mainly used Dravidian.❌ C) Nagara style – A North Indian temple architecture, not found in Vijayanagara.❌ D) Rajput style – Used in Rajasthan, not South India.
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12)
✔️ Domingo Paes, a Portuguese traveler, wrote about Vijayanagara's prosperity.
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13)
✔️ Krishna Deva Raya patronized Telugu literature, writing Amuktamalyada.
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14)
✔️ Krishna Deva Raya was called the Napoleon of South India due to his military conquests.
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15)
✔️ Sriranga III was the last ruler before the empire completely disintegrated in the 17th century.
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16)
✔️ Mahmud Gawan introduced efficient taxation, improved trade, and built madrasas.
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17)
✔️ In 1565, the Deccan Sultanates defeated Vijayanagara in the Battle of Talikota.✔️ The city of Hampi was destroyed, leading to Vijayanagara’s decline.
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18)
✔️ The Bahmani Sultanate broke into five Deccan Sultanates:
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19)
✔️ Gulbarga was the first capital, later shifted to Bidar by Ahmad Shah I.
🚫 Why others are wrong?
❌ Hyderabad & Warangal – Not Bahmani capitals.❌ Bijapur – Capital of Bijapur Sultanate, one of the Deccan sultanates.
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20)
✔️ Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah established the Bahmani Sultanate in 1347 CE.✔️ He revolted against Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq and established an independent kingdom.
❌ Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq – Delhi Sultan, but not Bahmani founder.❌ Firoz Shah Bahmani – A later ruler, not the founder.❌ Mahmud Gawan – A prime minister of Bahmani, not a king.
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21)
✔️ The Sangama Dynasty was the first ruling dynasty of Vijayanagara (1336–1485 CE).✔️ It was founded by Harihara I and Bukka I.
❌ Saluva, Tuluva, and Aravidu – Later dynasties that ruled Vijayanagara.
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22)
✔️ Krishna Deva Raya (1509–1529 CE) was the most powerful Vijayanagara ruler.✔️ He expanded the empire and defeated Bahmanis, Gajapatis, and Portuguese.✔️ He was a patron of literature and wrote Amuktamalyada in Telugu.
🚫 Why others are wrong?❌ Deva Raya II – A strong ruler but not as impactful as Krishna Deva Raya.❌ Achyuta Deva Raya – Successor of Krishna Deva Raya, but weak.❌ Vira Narasimha – Predecessor of Krishna Deva Raya, had a short rule.
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23)
✔️ Hampi was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.✔️ It was a prosperous trade center and had magnificent temples, palaces, and markets.
🚫 Why others are wrong?❌ Warangal & Devagiri – Capitals of Kakatiya & Yadava dynasties respectively.❌ Badami – Capital of the Chalukyas, not Vijayanagara.
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24)
✔️ Harihara I and Bukka I founded the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336 CE.✔️ They were originally officers under the Kakatiya rulers but later served the Hoysala kings.✔️ Their rule was supported by Saint Vidyaranya, who played a key role in shaping their administration.
❌ A) Rajaraja Chola – A Chola king, not related to Vijayanagara.❌ C) Krishna Deva Raya – One of the greatest rulers of Vijayanagara but not its founder.❌ D) Narasimha Saluva – Established the Saluva Dynasty but did not found the empire.
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